Every IT geek is, to some degree, fascinated with the Apollo program which put a human on the moon for the first time.  Naturally, there is also curiosity about the computers on the Apollo moon lander, and the software that ran on them.  The source code that went to the moon is available now, and you can take a look at it here. I’m interested in the Apollo program, but I’m also interested in formal grammars, and a committer to the Antlr project.  So, I spent some time building an Antlr4 grammar for the Apollo source code.  You can take a look at it here.  The grammar can parse a number of files from the Solarium55 source code, which is the source code that flew Apollo4.  If you’re keen you could try it on the Apollo13 source code, called Artemis072, but you’d have to key in the source from jpg images of the form-feed printouts (here). It’s natural to ask why a Antlr4 grammar for AGC source code would be useful.  In addition to the obvious “because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills”, it’s the first step in building a simulator.  There is already an excellent C simulator here, and there are numerous JS ones on the web, but I thought it might be helpful to have an Antlr4 grammar that can output parser-lexers for new simulators in other languages.  Also, it was very interesting to learn about the AGC computer and to see how software development has progressed since the 1960’s.    

Recently I had reason to get interested in process modelling.  Ultimately I ended up writing an Antlr4 grammar for Modelica (here), but in the mean time I came up with SML (Simple Modeling Language).  The Antlr4 grammar is sml.g4. The characteristics I wanted in my own modeling languages were: Ability to define models as text files Models should be as Object Oriented as possible Ability to compose models.  That is; ability to have models that include models. Ability to define variables that are internal to models and variables that are exposed by models (i.e. “ports”) Ability to put models in namespaces Ability to define equations in models that related the variables.  The equations should be expressed in standard form. Support for differential equations is essential SML accomplishes these goals.  An example SML model is a standard spring from 1st year Engineering, here.  The model file is: model tge.spring; # # vars # variables: # spring constant public k; # force difference public df; # distance difference public x; # # Equations # equations: df:= k*x; This model is in the namespace “tge.string”.  It exposes three public variables “k”, “df” and “x”.  The relationship b/t the variables is “df=k*x”.  There is a simple example, of a standard pendulum here. More complex examples are here.  One such example is a classic RC circuit.  This model defines the structure of the circuit itself, and references the resistor, capacitor and source via includes of those models from their own SML model files model tge.rc1; # # A simple RC model # # # ——- R1 —- C2 — # | | # V | # |——————-| # # imports: tge.resistor; tge.capacitor; tge.vsource; variables: # declare a resistor instance called “R1” component tge.resistor R1; # declare a capacitor instance called “C1” component tge.capacitor C1; # declare a vsource instance called “V” component tge.vsource V; equations: # set dV of tge.vsource to 5V voltage:=D.dV-5; # set R of tge.resistor to 10 ohms resistance:=R1.R-10; # set C of tge.capacitor to 100 F resistance:=C1.C-100; # connect the +ve end of V to R1 positiveConnection:= V.v1-R1.v1; # connect the resistor to the capacitor resistors:=R1.v2-C1.v1; # connect the -ve end of V groundConnection:= V.v2-R2.v2; Ultimately, with Antlr4 it should be possible to generate model parsers in Java, C# and potentially C++, that can consume SML files, ensure that the model composition is reasonable, and generate input files for mathematical solvers.  The work of producing solver input files from SML models is essentially the work of collapsing an object tree to a flat model.  

Unix version 0 was written in 1963 by Ken Thompson, on a PDP-7.  Recently, the source code code Unix V0 has been discovered, and you can read it here, as pdf scans of printouts.  You can read about the discovery, and the effort to boot Unix V0 on a real PDP-7 here.  The project home page is here. I got interested in PDP-7 unix, and then in PDP-7 assembler.  Eventually, I wrote an Antlr4 grammar to parse PDP-7 assembler files in the original as format that Thompson wrote them here.  The resulting grammar is here.  

In general, I install QEMU on my Macbook using MacPorts.  However I recently had a need to get the tip of the QEMU development tree. Getting the QEMU source tree is trivial: git clone git://git.qemu-project.org/qemu.git I needed an updated version of dtc: git submodule update –init dtc The build instructions from the README are: mkdir build cd build ../configure make However, my case I only need ARM emulation, so: ../configure –target-list=arm-softmmu make make install The binary qemu-system-arm will be at /usr.local/bin oscar:build tom$ /usr/local/bin/qemu-system-arm –version QEMU emulator version 2.4.94, Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard